Luigi Galvani
The father of electrophysiology, Galvani was the most illustrious Bolognese scientist of the 18th century. Through experimentation on frogs, he studied and grasped the functions of nerves and muscles as conductors and receptors of brain stimuli. His famous quarrel with Alessandro Volta led to a short period of oblivion, after which he rose to become a pillar of anatomy and medical electricity, as well as a “hero” of the newly-formed Italy.
Luigi Galvani was born in Bologna in to the goldsmith Domenico Galvani and the wealthy Barbara Foschi.
As they had done for his half-brother Francesco, who became a professor of canon law, Luigi’s parents spared no efforts to ensure him an education in the city’s finest schools.
In , he began to frequent the Oratorio dei Filippini, which left him with a strong religious bent, in the vein of enlightened Catholicism, and a deeply humble and moderate manner. Two years later, Galvani enrolled in medicine (), a discipline that was undergoing a period of rebirth at the time, in part thanks to the anatomical and surgical experimentation of Pier Paolo Molinelli.
Molinelli, the chemist Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari, the naturali
Doctor and physicist from Bologna. Obtained a doctorate in medicine and surgery in Appointed professor of anatomy in Elected to the Accademia delle Scienze of Bologna in , and became its president in In a series of celebrated experiments, Galvani observed that frog's legs recently removed from the animal not only contracted in response to lightning discharges or sparks from an electrostatic machine, but reacted when touched with a metal arc or one of a number of metal conductors. As a physician and anatomist, Galvani was convinced that the phenomena were caused by a type of electricity specific to living beings, called animal electricity. According to Galvani, the contact between the frog's legs and metals enabled animal electricity to flow and to set off muscular contractions. In De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius (Bologna, ), he set forth his theory of animal electricity, which triggered a sharp debate with Alessandro Volta () and stimulated the research leading to the invention of the electric battery. While Volta's theories prevailed over Galvani's (which continued to be strenuously defended by his disciples), Galvani unquestionably deserves the credit
LUIGI GALVANI: BIOGRAPHIE, CONTRIBUTIONS, TRAVAUX, RECONNAISSANCES - BIOGRAPHIES -
Luigi Galvani () était un scientifique qui se concentrait sur l'étude de l'anatomie humaine. Grâce à ses expériences avec des grenouilles, il a réussi à découvrir que le système nerveux pouvait réagir aux stimuli électriques, même si les grenouilles étaient sans vie.
Il a appelé sa découverte de l'électricité animale, bien qu'aujourd'hui cette théorie soit connue sous le nom de galvanisme. Il a eu une grande influence sur le travail d'Alessandro Volta, qui a copié les expériences de Galvani bien qu'il soit parvenu à des conclusions différentes.
Source: domaine public, via Wikimedia Commons.
Volta a été crédité de la création de la cellule voltaïque en travaillant sur les théories de Galvani, c'est pourquoi cette cellule est souvent appelée également cellule galvanique. C'était un type de batterie qui permettait d'exister une source d'électricité capable d'agir en permanence.
L'importance de Luigi Galvani a été clarifiée car il était l'un des noms les plus utilisés pour définir un grand nombre d'instruments, de processus ou de théories. Il a eu beaucoup d'influence dans des domaines comm
Luigi Galvani
Catholic Scientist of the Past
September 9, to December 4,
Luigi Galvani (September 9, to December 4, ) Galvani was a pioneer in bioelectricity and is famous for discovering what he termed “animal electricity.&#; He obtained degrees in medicine and philosophy from the University of Bologna in and was appointed a permanent anatomist and honorary lecturer there in He married Lucia Galleazzi, the daughter of one his professors, and thereafter assisted in her father’s laboratory until succeeding him as professor and lecturer in Lucia worked with Luigi in his researches throughout their life together. Galvani discovered that electrical stimulation of a frog’s nerves could cause muscular contractions. This led him to propose that what stimulated muscular movements in live animals was not a hydraulic effect mediated by air or fluid, as in some earlier theories, but electrical activity conducted through nerves. His treatise De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari (“On the power of electricity in muscular movement”), published in and , was the beginning of the fields of bioelectricity and electrophysiology. Galvani interpreted the electricity that caused the fr
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